Membrane sib cais tshuab yog txheej txheem uas siv cov kev xaiv permeability ntawm daim nyias nyias los cais cov khoom sib txawv hauv qhov sib tov. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau muaj kev sib cais, ua kom huv, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv, ua rau nws muaj zog heev - cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tau zoo.Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj xws limicrofiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), Rov qab osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), kua membranes, pervaporation, thiabmembrane distillation. Ntawm lawv, thawj rau yog tam sim no siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam.
Core Qhov Zoo ntawm Membrane Separation
Tsawg zog noj
Membrane cov txheej txheem feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam nrog theem hloov, uas ua rau lawv muaj zog ntau dua -ntau dua li cov txheej txheem sib cais. Table 1 muab lub zog xav tau rau ntau yam seawater desalination txoj kev, qhia tias rov qab osmosis siv lub zog tsawg tshaj plaws.
| Txoj kev sib cais | Kev siv hluav taws xob (kW·h / m³) | Kev siv cua sov (kJ / m³) |
|---|---|---|
| Rov qab Osmosis | 3.5 | 12.6×10³ |
| khov | 9.3 | 33.5×10³ |
| Kev rho tawm | 25.6 | 92.1×10³ |
| Electrodialysis | 32.2 | 116×10³ |
| Multi-theem Flash Distillation | 62.8 | 220×10³ |
Membrane sib cais tshuab sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem kev sib cais siab, ua tau zoo, thiab ib puag ncig zoo. Nws qhov zoo -kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, mob me me, thiab siv tau dav heev- ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam xws li electroplating, tshuaj, thiab kev tsim ntawv.
Membrane sib cais ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej me me, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv thermally xws li kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, amino acids, enzymes, thiab cov tshuaj.It tuaj yeem cais cov organic thiab inorganic compounds, colloids, kab mob, kab mob, thiab txawm tias emulsified droplets los yog azeotropic mixtures.Membrane systems siv siab ua lub ntsiab tsav tsheb, tso cai rau cov khoom siv me me, cov nqi qis, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim.
Kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam loj hlob
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, lub ntiaj teb no membrane tshuab tau tsim sai heev, nrog rau kev loj hlob tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, Europe, thiab Nyiv. Kev ua lag luam rau daim nyias nyias tau nce los ntawm USD 13.53 nphom hauv xyoo 1986 txog 30.89 nphom hauv xyoo 1996, qhia txog kev nthuav dav muaj zog.
| Thaj tsam | Xyoo 1986 (Billion USD) | Xyoo 1991 (Billion USD) | Xyoo 1996 (Billion USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teb chaws USA | 5.9 | 8.83 | 13.31 |
| Western Europe | 4.35 | 6.63 | 8.23 |
| Nyiv | 2.98 | 3.78 | 5.30 |
| Lwm tus | 0.3 | 1.25 | 4.05 |
| Tag nrho | 13.53 | 20.49 | 30.89 |
Environmental Engineering Applications
1) Haus dej kom huv
Membrane txheej txheem xws li microfiltration, ultrafiltration, thiab thim rov qab osmosis yog siv los tshem tawm cov kab mob, kab mob, cov hlau hnyav, tshuaj tua kab, thiab surfactants los ntawm cov dej haus. Lawv muab kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo dua lwm txoj hauv kev flocculation thiab chlorination.
2) Electroplating Wastewater Recovery
Txij li xyoo 1970s, RO daim nyias nyias tau siv los rov qab nickel, chromium, zinc, thiab tooj liab los ntawm electroplating dej khib nyiab. Piv txwv li, RO tuaj yeem mloog zoo nickel los ntawm 650 mg / L txog 13,000 mg / L, ua tiav 92% sib cais tus nqi nrog kev tu txhua hli.
(3) Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hnyav
Electrodialysis zoo tshem cov tooj liab ions los ntawm etching thiab cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob cov dej khib nyiab, qhov twg tooj liab ntau ntawm 1000-3000 mg / L. Cov dej desalinated tuaj yeem txo cov tooj liab qis dua 20 mg / L nrog lub zog siv qis dua 3 kWh / m³, ua kom pom kev ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam.
Membrane sib cais tshuab sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem kev sib cais siab, ua tau zoo, thiab ib puag ncig zoo. Nws qhov zoo -kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, mob me me, thiab siv tau dav heev- ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam xws li electroplating, tshuaj, thiab kev tsim ntawv.
